Sugar in the 18 century (Jane Austin’s time) was kept
locked up because it was very expensive. It was sold
in many grades, from the highly refined, pure white
sugar that only the well off could afford, down to the
darkest of brown sugars used by the poor.
Granulated sugar had been only recently invented
and was not yet widely available. Sugar was molded
into large, cone-shaped loaves weighing several
pounds each that had to be broken up or grated
before the sugar could be used. Sugar cubes would
not be invented until 1843 – if people wanted sugar
for tea, they had to first break it into irregular lumps
with special tools called “sugar nippers,” from
which practices comes the traditional question “One
lump or two?”